砧木怎么选

砧木怎么选

1. 砧木的定义和作用

砧木作为果树的育苗基质，在果树的栽培过程中扮演着重要的角色。砧木，又称为砧材，是指果树嫁接中有主要供水供养而无果实的树木。它具有良好的抗病性、抗逆性，可以提供充足的养分和水分给嫁接上的果实产生生长和发育。

选择合适的砧木对于果树的生长发育和产量具有至关重要的影响。不同类型和品种的砧木具有不同的特性，因此选择合适的砧木非常关键。

2. 砧木的选择要素

在选择砧木时，需要考虑以下几个要素：

• 适应性：砧木应该具有适应当地气候和土壤条件的特性。
• 抗性：砧木应具有较强的抗病性、抗虫性等特性，以确保嫁接的果树有更好的生存能力。
• 砧木与嫁接品种的相容性：砧木和嫁接品种之间应具有良好的接合力，以保证嫁接的果树能够正常生长和发育。
• 生长力和产量：选择具有良好生长力和高产量的砧木，可以提高果树的产量和经济效益。

3. 常见砧木的选择

根据不同的果树类型和品种，选择合适的砧木非常重要。下面列举了一些常见果树的砧木选择：

3.1 苹果树

• 富士苹果：适宜选择M26砧木，具有较强的抗逆性和较高的产量。
• 红富士苹果：适宜选择M9砧木，具有较好的抗病性和较高的产量。

3.2 橙树

• 贝尔栽培橙：适宜选择柑橘种类的柑桔类砧木，具有良好的抗病性和丰富的产量。
• 脐橙：适宜选择柚类栽培柑桔类砧木，具有较强的抗逆性和较高的产量。

3.3 梨树

• 香梨：适宜选择蓼果栽培梨类砧木，具有较好的抗病性和丰富的产量。
• 鸭梨：适宜选择苹果栽培梨类砧木，具有较高的产量和较好的适应性。

根据不同的地区和栽培需求，选择合适的砧木可以提高果树的生长速度和产量，增加果农的经济收益。因此，在选择砧木时应该根据当地的气候、土壤等条件综合考虑，选择具有适应性、抗性和高产性的砧木种类，以确保嫁接果树的健康生长和高产。

How to Choose Rootstock

1. Definition and Role of Rootstock

Rootstock, also known as understock, plays an important role as a seedling medium in the cultivation process of fruit trees. It refers to a tree in grafting that serves as the main water and nutrient provider, without bearing fruits. Rootstock has good disease resistance and adaptability, and it provides sufficient nutrients and water for the grafted fruits to grow and develop.

Choosing the right rootstock is crucial for the growth and yield of fruit trees. Different types and varieties of rootstocks have different characteristics, so selecting the appropriate rootstock is essential.

2. Factors to Consider in Rootstock Selection

When choosing rootstock, the following factors need to be considered:

• Adaptability: Rootstock should have characteristics that adapt to local climate and soil conditions.
• Resistance: Rootstock should have strong disease resistance, insect resistance, etc., to ensure the grafted fruit tree has better survival ability.
• Compatibility between Rootstock and Grafted Varieties: Rootstock and grafted varieties should have good union compatibility to ensure the grafted fruit tree can grow and develop normally.
• Growth Vigor and Yield: Select rootstock with good growth vigor and high yield to increase the yield and economic benefits of fruit trees.

3. Common Rootstock Selection

Choosing the right rootstock is very important according to different types and varieties of fruit trees. The following are some common rootstock selections for different fruit trees:

3.1 Apple Trees

• Fuji Apple: It is suitable to choose M26 rootstock, which has strong stress resistance and high yield.
• Red Fuji Apple: It is suitable to choose M9 rootstock, which has good disease resistance and high yield.

3.2 Orange Trees

• Bell Cultivated Orange: It is suitable to choose citrus rootstock, which has good disease resistance and abundant yield.
• Naval Orange: It is suitable to choose grapefruit rootstock for citrus cultivation, which has strong stress resistance and high yield.

3.3 Pear Trees

• Fragrant Pear: It is suitable to choose loquat fruit cultivation rootstock, which has good disease resistance and abundant yield.
• Duck Pear: It is suitable to choose apple cultivation pear rootstock, which has high yield and good adaptability.

Choosing the right rootstock according to different regions and cultivation needs can improve the growth speed and yield of fruit trees, increasing the economic benefits for fruit farmers. Therefore, when choosing rootstock, it is important to consider the local climate, soil conditions, and select rootstock varieties with adaptability, resistance, and high yield to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of grafted fruit trees.